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Environment

Technology Area • The Environment technology area contains solutions resulting from Sandia’s extensive research and development in the environmental sciences as well as applied research to address urgent climate and infrastructure challenges.     This technology area also contains specialized portfolios related to:  Emission Reduction and Carbon Capture Hydrogen RemediationRecycling Mining and Minerals 

Enzymatic cascade bioreactor

Patent • #7,264,962. Disclosed is an apparatus and method for continuously converting sucrose to .beta.-D-glucose. The method comprises a three stage enzymatic reactor in which an aqueous solution of sucrose is first converted into a solution of fructose and .alpha.-D-glucose by passing it through a porous, packed column containing an inert media...

Enzymatically active high-flux selectively gas-permeable membranes

Patent • #9,242,210. An ultra-thin, catalyzed liquid transport medium-based membrane structure fabricated with a porous supporting substrate may be used for separating an object species such as a carbon dioxide object species. Carbon dioxide flux through this membrane structures may be several orders of magnitude higher than traditional polymer membranes with a...

Epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly (phenylene) copolymer proton exchange membranes

Patent • #7,816,482. An epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition used as proton exchange membranes, methods of making the same, and their use as proton exchange membranes (PEM) in hydrogen fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cell, in electrode casting solutions and electrodes, and in sulfur dioxide electrolyzers. These improved membranes are tougher, have...

Erected mirror optical switch

Patent • #6,903,861. A microelectromechanical (MEM) optical switching apparatus is disclosed that is based on an erectable mirror which is formed on a rotatable stage using surface micromachining. An electrostatic actuator is also formed on the substrate to rotate the stage and mirror with a high angular precision. The mirror can be...

Estimating pixel variances in the scenes of staring sensors

Patent • #8,103,116. A technique for detecting changes in a scene perceived by a staring sensor is disclosed. The technique includes acquiring a reference image frame and a current image frame of a scene with the staring sensor. A raw difference frame is generated based upon differences between the reference image frame...

Estimation of conductivity for nanoporous materials

Patent • #10,330,657. Methods and systems for estimating conductivity of clay mineral systems, and for applying the estimates in larger-scale analysis. Conductivity of the clay may be estimated by constructing a molecular model of an anhydrous charge-neutral clay, and then assigning a charge density by substitution of ions in the model of...

Evanescently coupled piezoelectric acoustic devices

Patent • #10,491,190. An electro-acoustic device includes a plurality of suspended, piezoelectric, acoustically waveguiding membranes supported in a common plane. An input transducer coupled to one of the waveguiding membranes converts input electrical signals to traveling-wave acoustic signals. An output transducer coupled to one of the waveguiding membranes converts acoustic signals to...

Exhaustive search system and method using space-filling curves

Patent • #6,636,847. A search system and method for one agent or for multiple agents using a space-filling curve provides a way to control one or more agents to cover an area of any space of any dimensionality using an exhaustive search pattern. An example of the space-filling curve is a Hilbert...

Explosive destruction system for disposal of chemical munitions

Patent • #6,881,383. An explosive destruction system and method for safely destroying explosively configured chemical munitions. The system comprises a sealable, gas-tight explosive containment vessel, a fragment suppression system positioned in said vessel, and shaped charge means for accessing the interior of the munition when the munition is placed within the vessel...

Extended cavity laser absorption spectroscopy

Patent • #10,288,482. Technologies for detecting absorption of electromagnetic radiation traveling through a measurement volume of interest are described herein. In a general embodiment, a laser is used to emit electromagnetic radiation through the measurement volume where absorption is desirably detected. An optical collector receives a portion of the radiation and directs...

Extensible packet processing architecture

Patent • #8,514,855. A technique for distributed packet processing includes sequentially passing packets associated with packet flows between a plurality of processing engines along a flow through data bus linking the plurality of processing engines in series. At least one packet within a given packet flow is marked by a given processing...

Extraordinary electromagnetic transmission by antenna arrays and frequency selective surfaces having compound unit cells with dissimilar elements

Patent • #9,923,284. The various embodiments presented herein relate to extraordinary electromagnetic transmission (EEMT) to enable multiple inefficient (un-matched) but coupled radiators and/or apertures to radiate and/or pass electromagnetic waves efficiently. EEMT can be utilized such that signal transmission from a plurality of antennas and/or apertures occurs at a transmission frequency different...

Fabrication method for small-scale structures with non-planar features

Patent • #9,448,336. The fabrication of small-scale structures is disclosed. A unit-cell of a small-scale structure with non-planar features is fabricated by forming a membrane on a suitable material. A pattern is formed in the membrane and a portion of the substrate underneath the membrane is removed to form a cavity. Resonators...

Fabrication of multilayered carbon MEMS devices

Patent • #10,570,010. The various technologies presented herein relate to formation of carbon micromechanical systems (CMEMS), wherein the CMEMS comprise multiple layers of carbon structures and are formed using a plurality of photoresist precursors that are processed to form carbon. The various embodiments can be utilized in producing a plurality of CMEMS...

Fabrication of small-scale structures with non-planar features

Patent • #9,190,736. The fabrication of small-scale structures is disclosed. A unit-cell of a small-scale structure with non-planar features is fabricated by forming a membrane on a suitable material. A pattern is formed in the membrane and a portion of the substrate underneath the membrane is removed to form a cavity. Resonators...

Fabrication of thermal microphotonic sensors and sensor arrays

Patent • #7,820,970. A thermal microphotonic sensor is fabricated on a silicon substrate by etching an opening and a trench into the substrate, and then filling in the opening and trench with silicon oxide which can be deposited or formed by thermally oxidizing a portion of the silicon substrate surrounding the opening...

Falling particle receiver systems with mass flow control

Patent • #11609026. The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods to control particle mass flow rate in solar receivers and associated heat exchangers based on feedback from one or more temperatures of particles in the system.

Falling particle solar receivers

Patent • #11,326,810. Falling particle solar receivers, systems, and methods are disclosed that include one non-linear falling particle curtain or two or more falling particle curtains within a solar receiver that receives incident solar radiation. The particles heated in the solar receiver may be used to heat a secondary fluid. In an...
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