| Application Abstract: | A defensive, wide-area special protection scheme (SPS) that learns system conditions, mitigates cyber, physical, and cyber-physical consequences, and preserves operation of cyber-connected physical control systems under diverse predictable and unpredictable disturbances is disclosed. This harmonized automatic relay mitigation of nefarious intentional events (HARMONIE)-SPS processes both cyber and physical data from both relays and out-of-band (OOB) measurements in an electric grid, learning actual system conditions to adapt to both predictable and unpredictable disturbances, and performing response actions to prevent further cascading impact. HARMONIE-SPS also leverages the distributed sets of protective relays, within different zones, to derive classification of the system conditions and respond to disturbances, optionally using consensus algorithms. With this increased situational awareness and control response approach, HARMONIE-SPS can greatly improve the resilience of the electric grid against cyber-physical disturbances, whether it is intentionally malicious or inadvertent. |