| Abstract: |   Methods of capturing and immobilizing radioactive nuclei with metal
     fluorite-based inorganic materials are described. For example, a method
     of capturing and immobilizing radioactive nuclei includes flowing a gas
     stream through an exhaust apparatus. The exhaust apparatus includes a
     metal fluorite-based inorganic material. The gas stream includes a
     radioactive species. The radioactive species is removed from the gas
     stream by adsorbing the radioactive species to the metal fluorite-based
     inorganic material of the exhaust apparatus. |