| Abstract: | A method of designing an injectate to be used in a waterflooding
operation is disclosed. One aspect includes specifying data
representative of chemical characteristics of a liquid hydrocarbon, a
connate, and a reservoir rock, of a subterranean reservoir. Charged
species at an interface of the liquid hydrocarbon are determined based on
the specified data by evaluating at least one chemical reaction. Charged
species at an interface of the reservoir rock are determined based on the
specified data by evaluating at least one chemical reaction. An extent of
surface complexation between the charged species at the interfaces of the
liquid hydrocarbon and the reservoir rock is determined by evaluating at
least one surface complexation reaction. The injectate is designed and is
operable to decrease the extent of surface complexation between the
charged species at interfaces of the liquid hydrocarbon and the reservoir
rock. Other methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed. |